Every Peptide. Every Mechanism. Every Evidence Tier.

BPC-157 is a synthetic 15-amino-acid pentadecapeptide derived from a protective sequence isolated from human gastric juice. Researchers investigate its modulation of nitric oxide signaling, VEGFR2 upregulation, and growth-factor expression at sites of connective-tissue injury — proposed mechanisms for the angiogenic and cytoprotective effects observed in animal models.

TB-500 is a synthetic fragment of Thymosin Beta-4, a naturally occurring 43-amino-acid peptide. Researchers investigate its actin-binding properties, which are proposed to drive cell migration, blood-vessel formation, and tissue remodeling at sites of injury. The compound is investigated for systemic recovery research and connective-tissue applications.

Ipamorelin is a synthetic pentapeptide selective ghrelin receptor (GHSR-1a) agonist. Researchers investigate its capacity to stimulate pulsatile growth-hormone release from the anterior pituitary without significant elevations in cortisol, prolactin, or aldosterone — a selectivity profile that distinguishes it from earlier secretagogues like GHRP-2 and GHRP-6.

CJC-1295 with DAC is a synthetic GHRH analog covalently bound to a Drug Affinity Complex (DAC) — a maleimide moiety that conjugates to circulating serum albumin. Researchers investigate the resulting extended half-life and sustained GH-axis stimulation. The non-DAC variant (mod-GRF 1-29) shares the GHRH analog backbone but lacks the albumin-binding modification, producing a much shorter functional duration.

Semaglutide is a long-acting GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1) receptor agonist. Researchers investigate its glucose-dependent insulin secretion potentiation, glucagon suppression, slowed gastric emptying, and central appetite-modulation effects. The compound's structural modifications — including a fatty-acid side chain enabling albumin binding — extend half-life dramatically over native GLP-1 (which has a ~2-minute half-life).

Tirzepatide is a synthetic dual agonist at both the GIP (glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide) and GLP-1 receptors. Researchers investigate the combined incretin effect — proposed to drive greater insulin sensitization, appetite modulation, and metabolic outcomes than GLP-1 monotherapy. The compound shares the structural modifications (fatty-acid side chain, albumin binding) that produce the extended half-life characteristic of weekly metabolic peptides.

Retatrutide is a synthetic triple agonist at the GIP, GLP-1, and glucagon receptors. Researchers investigate the additive effect of glucagon-receptor activation — proposed to increase energy expenditure via thermogenesis — on top of the dual incretin mechanism shared with Tirzepatide. The compound is structurally modified for albumin binding and weekly dosing.

NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) is a coenzyme central to mitochondrial electron transport, sirtuin activity, and PARP-mediated DNA repair. Researchers investigate exogenous NAD+ administration and its precursors (NMN, NR) as approaches to support cellular NAD+ pools, which decline with age. The compound is investigated in longevity research, mitochondrial-function research, and metabolic applications.

Epitalon is a synthetic tetrapeptide (Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly) modeled on the bovine pineal extract epithalamin. Researchers investigate its proposed effects on telomerase activity, telomere length, and pineal-mediated circadian and endocrine signaling. The original research line traces to the St. Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology (Khavinson and colleagues) over multiple decades.

GHK-Cu is a naturally occurring tripeptide (glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine) bound to a copper ion. Researchers investigate its modulation of gene expression — over 4,000 human genes have been observed to shift in response to GHK-Cu exposure in vitro — alongside its proposed roles in collagen synthesis, antioxidant signaling, and dermal remodeling.